Essay about Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† captivates the reader through a glimpse of the Puritan church. The story also shows the struggle of good versus evil in the main character Goodman Brown. The role of the Puritan church is crucial in shaping Goodman Brown’s personality and helping the reader understand why he was reluctant to continue his journey. â€Å"Puritanism, movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part of the 16th century that sought to purify or reform, that church and establish a middle course between Roman Catholicism and the ideas of the Protestant reformers† (Puritanism 1). The term Puritanism was referred to as an insult that was attached by†¦show more content†¦Conversion was a rejection of the worldliness of society combined with a strict adherence to Biblical principles. Puritans believed that a strong faith in Jesus and active participation in the sacraments could not alone hinder one’s salvation. No one can choose salvation, for it is the privilege of God alone (Campbell 1). The Puritan society centered around the idea of covenants. The concept of the contract between God and a select few was central to Puritan theology and social relationships (2). Campbell explains that the â€Å"Covenant of Works held that God promised Adam and his progeny eternal life if they obeyed moral law. After Adam broke this covenant, God made a new Covenant of Grace with Abraham†(2). The Covenant of Grace requires active faith and, as such, it softens the doctrine of predestination. Campbell further explains that, â€Å"Although God still chooses the elect, the relationship becomes one of contract in which punishment for sins is a judicially proper response to disobedience†(2).The Covenant of Redemption goes hand and hand with the Covenant of Grace. It states that Christ of his own free will chose to sacrifice his life for the common man. Then God was committed to carrying out the Covenant of Grace. The doctrine of predestination kept all Puritans constantly working to do good in this life to be chosen for the next eternal life. God had already chosen who would be in Heaven or Hell, and eachShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1063 Words   |  5 PagesIt seems necessary to write down some lines about the author. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. Because of the involvement of his ancestor in the Salem witch trials , Nathaniel later added a w to make his name Hawthorne in order to hide this relation. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne published his first work, Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories after that which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. His masterpieceRead More Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† portrays the growth of Young Goodman Brown through vivid symbolic setting. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an allegory in which the setting is very important to the theme of the story. Throughout the narration, detailed setting and emblematic characters surround Goodman Brown. Goodman Brown is an Everyman character, which could be any one of us, struggling with his Puritan heritage, more specifically his spiritualRead More Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1847 Words   |  8 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the tale of a man and his discovery of evil. Hawthorne’s primary concern is with evil and how it affects Young Goodman Brown. Through the use of tone and setting, Hawthorne portrays the nature of evil and the psychological effects it can have on man. He shows how discovering the existence of evil brings Brown to view the world in a cynical way. Brown learns the nature of evil and, therefore, feelsRead MoreAllegory and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†1203 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an excellent example of the use of allegories and symbolism as a form of satire on Puritan faith. According to Frank Preston Stearns, author of The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Hawthorne may have intended this story as an exposure of the inconsistency, and consequent hypocrisy, of Puritanism† (Stearns 181 ). Throughout the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne tries to infuse as many symbols and allegories as he can to enhance the overallRead MoreAnalysis of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown a Story708 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Young Goodman Brown (Order #A2103550) Christs death and resurrection can be considered only the beginning of his ministry for afterward he instructed his remaining apostles to go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. (Mt 28:16-20 [New King James Version]) Sixteen centuries later a group of Christians called Puritans would attempt to fulfill this Great Commission by spreading the good news of Christ andRead MoreSin in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2433 Words   |  10 PagesAnd the young Puritan Goodman Brown accepted this principle, after his in-the-woods experience, as applying not only to the Salem village rank-and-file but even to his faultless wife Faith. Is this notion of sin correct? This essay seeks to compare this moral depravity doctrine of the Puritans as seen in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† to the Catholic Church’s teaching on sin, a recognized standard. The influence of Puritan religion, culture and education is a common topic in Nathaniel Hawthornes worksRead MoreSymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay468 Words   |  2 PagesSymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown is full of symbolism throughout the story. Perhaps the most interesting examples of symbolism include the title character, Young Goodman Brown, as well as his wife, Faith, and the woods that Young Goodman Brown enters on his journey. Included are many allusions to Christianity and also to evil and sin. These references are expressed mainly through characters and settings in the story. TheRead More Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes symbolism throughout his short story Young Goodman Brown to impact and clarify the theme of good people sometimes doing bad things. Hawthorne uses a variety of light and dark imagery, names, and people to illustrate irony and different translations. Young Goodman Brown is a story about a man who comes to terms with the reality that people are imperfect and flawed and then dies a bitter death from the enlightenmentRead MoreDisapproval of Puritanism in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1959 Words   |  8 PagesRunning Head: Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Critical Analysis Nathaniel Hawthorne has presented his disapproval of Puritanism in the form of Young Goodman Brown who has been presented as the living embodiment of Puritanical sect. Where the influence of Hawthornes background on his work is evident, he has managed to present evidences for his argument. In his short story, he portrays Young Goodman Brown as a character who, on the basis of his own staunch beliefsRead MoreEssay on Faith Role in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown600 Words   |  3 PagesFaith plays a major role in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. From the start of his journey to his arrival back home, Faith is always in the back of head, making him question his surroundings and own thoughts. It’s hard to determine when he’s speaking of his lovely wife Faith or his Faith in his God and religion. Through his many Young Goodman Brown’s journey begins with his departure from Faith, for he must â€Å"tarry away from thee.† (Nathaniel Hawthorne 1289) Could it be

Why You Want Your Crowdfunding Campaign - 836 Words

Be Realistic If You Want Your Crowdfunding Campaign to Be a Hit Like any great food dish, a successful crowdfunding campaign requires the right mix of ingredients. And just as a chef wouldn’t expect one three-egg omelete to satiate an entire night’s worth of diners, a half-baked crowdfunding campaign is unlikely to lead to a windfall of millions of dollars in cash. To start determining the right amount or a realistic amount to try to raise in a crowdfunding campaign, an entrepreneur needs to first determine what type of crowdfunding they want to pursue. Two of the more popular types are rewards-based and equity crowdfunding, but these two styles have significant differences. â€Å"Let’s be clear†¦ Reward- and investment-based†¦show more content†¦These types of crowdfunding are still quite new so the data is limited, but for those raising money from ordinary investors using the $1 million cap, the average business has raised about $700,000, according to Entrepreneur. Prior to these allowances for equity crowdfunding, only wealthy investors were able to contribute to these types of campaigns, which averaged a little over $400,000 per company, according to a September 2015 article from Crowd101. Serving a Treat with Rewards-Based Crowdfunding Rewards-based crowdfunding offers an alluring alternative to equity crowdfunding because entrepreneurs can hold onto their ownership stakes and offer contributors a reward instead. These rewards could be anything to entice donors, such as providing the full product itself or offering a small giveaway like a t-shirt. While this type of crowdfunding may sound sweeter, it could be more difficult to use this method as the main source of capital. On rewards-based crowdfunding site Kickstarter, for example, the average campaign has raised a little over $8100 dollars, and the success rate is only 36%, meaning those that don’t reach their funding goal don’t receive the capital. For those that did meet their goal, the average campaign raised just over $20,000, which is certainly a step up but still below the levels of equity crowdfunding campaigns. AndShow MoreRelatedReducing Capital : The Problem Of Capital And Crowd Investments1072 Words   |  5 PagesCrowd funding is becoming increasingly popular because of the ability to microfinance investments. This industry shift makes deal flow happen more quickly but limits the amount of relationship resources needed to help build successful businesses. If you are not an experienced entrepreneur, this method of investment can pose a huge financial and educational risk. Experienced entrepreneurs can raise money quickly and will not have to worry as much about building the relationships with their investorsRead MoreThe Relationship Crowdfunding And Pr2263 Words   |  10 PagesBETWEEN CROWDFUNDING AND PR. 1.Introduction Development of digital technology and online spaces has opened up new possibilities for people who want to reach wider audiences. Nowadays, we are able to raise money through online platforms for creative projects. Online space made it possible to be heard on a large scale; therefore it is now common to raise money from donors and investors all over the world. This activity, that is based on funding creative projects by crowds is named crowdfunding and itRead MoreEntrepreneurship Funding: A Comparative Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Funding Option1411 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Entrepreneurship is a difficult road to travel and requires a great deal of resourcefulness and intuitive thinking. There are great risks associated with going into business on your own, but the payoffs can be extremely rewarding as well. What is most important on the path to entrepreneurship is the various sources of funding available. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the various funding sources that are available to entrepreneurs as they seek their project into materializationRead MoreHow Crowdfunding Work Well For Investors? Essay2233 Words   |  9 PagesHow does crowdfunding work well for investors? Description: how does crowdfunding work? Investors who have got detailed info or knowledge about crowdfunding investment will never ask this rather they will follow different strategies for getting success. Are you looking for the most exciting investment form? Well, in this case nothing can be the best option other than crowdfunding investment. This scheme has currently emerged in investment industry with the most refreshing ideas and thus it is gainingRead MoreCrowdfunding: Project Management7175 Words   |  29 PagesCrowdfunding | Duygu Korhan ÃÅ"lkà ¼men – Soner Beyhan | | Crowdfunding | | Crowdfunding | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 Definition of keywords 2 1.1.1. Crowdsourcing 2 1.1.2. Crowdfunding 2 Factors Influencing crowdfunding 2 Scope of Paper 2 2. Crowdfunding Business Models and Investor Drivers 4 Crowdfunding Business Models * 2.2. New Regulation 6 * 2.3. Investor Drivers 5 3. Global Intermediaries amp; ExampleRead MoreEssay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesremember noticing a campaign pop up on my feed for  Last Stand to Nowhere. I thought about supporting it, but I was so busy that I quickly forgot. That is until Michelle Muldoon contacted me personally. Once I read about the campaign and realized that I knew practically everyone involved, I had no choice but to contribute.   However, I knew that positive press for a project like this is essential, so I also offered to interview Michelle, to which she quickly agreed. As the campaign enters its final daysRead MoreCrowdfunding of Small Entrepreneurial Ventures10415 Words   |  42 PagesAuthors: Armin Schwienbacher Benjamin Larralde CROWDFUNDING OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES Book chapter forthcoming in Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance (Oxford University Press) Date: September 28, 2010 (final version) Armin Schwienbacher, Professor of finance, Università © Lille Nord de France, Facultà © de Finance, Banque et Comptabilità ©, Rue de Mulhouse 2 - BP 381, F - 59020 Lille Cà ©dex (France); +33 3 20 90 75 34 ; armin.schwienbacher@univ-lille2.fr. SKEMA Business School, Avenue WillyRead MoreCrowdfunding of Small Entrepreneurial Ventures10426 Words   |  42 PagesAuthors: Armin Schwienbacher Benjamin Larralde CROWDFUNDING OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES Book chapter forthcoming in Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance (Oxford University Press) Date: September 28, 2010 (final version) Armin Schwienbacher, Professor of finance, Università © Lille Nord de France, Facultà © de Finance, Banque et Comptabilità ©, Rue de Mulhouse 2 - BP 381, F - 59020 Lille Cà ©dex (France); +33 3 20 90 75 34 ; armin.schwienbacher@univ-lille2.fr. SKEMA Business School, Avenue Willy BrandtRead MoreManaging Information System5955 Words   |  24 Pagesoffer propose or the ideas to the project, then decide to be funded or not. But the main three models of crowd funding are donations, philanthropy amp; sponsorship, lending and Investment. The crowd of people also can support the proposals which they want to join in. Finally, crowd funding will supported by individual or organizations, which is offer a platform for people, bring them together to the project initiator and the crowd. (Hart, et al, 2013) 1.2 The history of crowd funding An early formRead More`` Texas Congressman And His Supporters `` By Ron Paul1454 Words   |  6 Pagesusing the Internet to attract voters—and massive campaign contributions—from across the political spectrum. Supporters include anti-war progressives, anti-tax libertarians, civil libertarians, and even some white supremacists. The common theme is anger over where the country is heading† (Ron) On November 5, a supporter raise millions for Ron Paul, this support broke a serious record. I think the message should be the only thing that counts, but you can t get the message out without the money,(Ron)

Compare and contrast Abercrombie Fitch and the Gap †company overview Free Essays

string(120) " Hemingway brought his guns there, Presidents Hoover and Eisenhower relieved on AF for the best fishing equipment\." Abercrombie Fitch and the Gap are premier men’s and women’s clothing retailers in the United States and around the world. Both companies possess long histories of success and have their fair share of failures. I will compare and contrast how each company has their own distinct characteristics that set it apart from the other, which allows each of company to target specific markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast Abercrombie Fitch and the Gap – company overview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Via my presentation, I intend to analyze for the reader how each company gains their customers through advertising, target markets, brand segmenting, and pricing strategies, so that the reader may gain a better understanding of each respective company. Marketing the Brands Abercrombie Fitch Gap Target Market 18-24 year old segment General Appeal for whole family Advertising Images Very sexual, Young, All American Multi-cultural, Brand Segments Abercrombie Fitch , Hollister, Abercrombie kids Gap Stores, Old Navy, Banana Republic Pricing Strategy Moderate Value to Moderate Chart 1 Criterion for Evaluation Abercrombie Fitch Abercrombie Fitch is a leading specialty retailer encompassing three distinct product segments: Abercrombie Fitch, abercrombie kids and Hollister Co. The company focuses on providing high-quality merchandise that compliments the casual, classic American life style. The brand was established in 1892, and sold under the name David T. Abercrombie Co., a small waterfront shop in downtown New York City owned by David Abercrombie. Abercrombie, born and raised in Baltimore Maryland, was a true outdoorsman; as well as an inventor and an ingenious tent and rucksack designer. His love of the great outdoors inspired him to begin Abercrombie Co., a shop dedicated to selling only the highest quality camping, fishing and hunting gear. His clientele consisted mostly of professional hunters, explorers and trappers, as well as a man named Ezra Fitch. Ezra Fitch was a successful lawyer in Kingston, New York, who loved to spend his free time hiking the Adirondacks and fishing in the Catskills. In search of exceptional outdoor gear, he had come to rely upon David Abercrombie’s shop and became one of its most devoted customers. Fitch was so devoted to the brand that in 1900 he convinced Abercrombie to let him buy into the business and become a partner. By 1904, the store was incorporated and the name was officially changed to Abercrombie Fitch. The store changed locations at this time moving from the waterfront to downtown Broadway, in the heart of New York City. David Abercrombie and Ezra Fitch were both stubborn, hot tempered men, who held vastly different views about the future of their business. Abercrombie was more conservative, he was content how the store was, selling professional gear to professional outdoorsmen. On the other hand, Fitch was more of a visionary; he believed that the two should take the business and expand, selling the â€Å"outdoorsmen† way of life to the general public. The two partners could never come to a conclusion about their business, inevitably the partnership came to an end, and David Abercrombie resigned in 1907 (www.yahooshopping.com). Under the sole leadership of Ezra Fitch the store’s focus was expansion. Fitch decided to change the shop so that it would not be an ordinary sporting goods shop, he was determined that the store have an outdoor feeling. Through his imagination and creativity he set up a shop where stock was not hidden behind glass, instead it was displayed as if in use. Displays were set up to feel as if the customer were in the middle of the Adirondacks, with a campfire blazing in one corner and an experienced guide in attendance. The clerks hired by Fitch were not professional salesman, but true sportsmen who listened and talked with the customer, and who sold the products only on the customers’ insistence. By 1913, the store moved again, this time to a more fashionable and easily accessible midtown address, off Fifth Avenue. At this time the store expanded its inventory to include sport clothing, becoming the first store in New York to supply such clothing to men and women. Fitch, shortly after Abercrombie’s resignation, decided to begin selling merchandise through a catalog. This catalog featured 456 pages of outdoor gear and clothing as well as camping, hunting and fishing advice to over 50,000 prospective customers around the world. Orders started coming in across the globe, thus bringing international status to the store. As the store continued to expand, it needed more and more space to occupy its increasing inventory and product lines. By 1917, Abercrombie Fitch moved to Madison Avenue and 45th Street, where it occupied an entire twelve story building. At this time AF, had become the largest and most impressive sporting goods store in the world ( www.Yahooshopping.com). Both the inside and the outside of the store were amazing, a sign proclaiming â€Å"Where the Blazed Trial Crosses the Boulevard†, was placed in front of the shop and a log cabin was built on the roof, which Fitch used as his townhouse. Next to the cabin he had a casting pool installed where serious fishermen could sample the store’s collection of rods and flies while in the basement he set up an armored rifle range for hunters. Fitch capitalized on all of his innovative ideas, a golf school was set up, a floor dedicated solely to completely set-up camps, and a dog and cat kennel as well. Not wanting to miss any opportunity to grow, Fitch decided to capture the more exotic sporting goods equipment; hot air balloons, yachting pennants, portable trampolines, treadmills for exercising dogs, throwing knives, and everything a person could possibly need for falconry, were brought into the store. This made Abercrombie Fitch a true sportsmen’s haven (Hoover’s 10-15). Not only did Abercrombie Fitch outfit the general publics’ outdoor needs, it outfitted many great hunting and exploration expeditions, such as Theodore Roosevelt’s trips to the Africa and the Amazon and Robert Peary’s expedition to the North Pole. The famous clientele did not stop with these two men, Ernest Hemingway brought his guns there, Presidents Hoover and Eisenhower relieved on AF for the best fishing equipment. You read "Compare and contrast Abercrombie Fitch and the Gap – company overview" in category "Papers" Other famous clientele included Amelia Earhart, Presidents Taft, Harding and Kennedy, the Duke of Windsor, Bing Crosby, Howard Hughes, Katherine Hepburn, Greta Garbo and Clark Gable. After twenty four years creating and expanding Abercrombie Fitch, Ezra Fitch decided to retire from the business to enjoy the outdoors life. When Fitch retired the store continued to grow, with stores opening up in Chicago and San Francisco. But by the late 1960’s the store begin to falter and went bankrupt in 1977. A Houston, Texas based company, Oshman’s Sporting Goods, brought the company but business was not good. The company eventually sold it to The Limited Inc, in 1988, which repositioned the company into a more fashion-oriented casual apparel business with around 25 stores. Michael Jeffries, the current CEO of Abercrombie Fitch, took over the company in 1992 and transformed the still money losing chain into an outfitter for college students. He micromanaged the company, issuing a 29 page handbook on everything from how AF salespeople must look to exactly how many sweaters can be placed in a stack. This strategy worked and the company began to see profits in fiscal year 1995. The company went public in 1996 with more than 110 stores (Hoovers, 1-5). Today, Abercrombie Fitch has been repositioned as a lifestyle brand, targeted at college students and is focused on high quality casual apparel in a classic American style. It targets preppy college students and makes them feel at home in its stores by hiring a college aged sales staff and decorating its stores with posters of twenty-something models. AF’s image as the clothier for a social elite class has, in some circles, earned its clientele the nickname â€Å"Aber-Snobbies†. The concept behind targeting the college age student is that by doing so Abercrombie Fitch will attain a much broader customer base. â€Å"The younger high school age children aspire to be college kids. And then if you are targeting a young, active lifestyle that attracts older customers as well, people want to think of themselves as active and young.† Seth Johnson, Executive Vice President and COO of Abercrombie Fitch. The Abercrombie Fitch lifestyle is portrayed not only through company management, but also through the celebrities that patronize the brand. Many high profile celebrities wear AF, thus giving free advertisement to the brand. These contemporary trendsetters, in terms of sports personalities, actors, actresses and musicians wear the Abercrombie label and thus people see these trends and want to become a part of them. Since the retail outlets are easily accessible in major malls in every state, these â€Å"trendy† and â€Å"luxurious† are now readily available to common folk, at a premium market price. Abercrombie Fitch sells the lifestyle across three distinct brands: Abercrombie Fitch, abercrombie and Hollister. Currently there are over 597 stores throughout the United States across the three brands, and this number is increasing, in 2002 alone the company opened 112 new stores. Each brand is geared to a different age set, this way as the individual grows up, Abercrombie Fitch is there to clothe all of the stages. The children’s store, abercrombie kids (with a lower case A) was introduced in 1997 and targets the age group of 7-14 year olds. Today there are over 170 abercrombie stores located in malls throughout the United States. The newest concept, Hollister, is based on the West Coast lifestyle and is geared toward the high school age, 14-17 years old. It is also priced significantly less than its parent store, Abercrombie Fitch. Introduced in July of 2000, Hollister already has 129 stores and Abercrombie Fitch plans to open at least 70 more stores in the next year. In 2002, Hollister improved its sales productivity and gross margin, and the business is now making a solid profit contribution. Hollister is doing so well that projections indicate Hollister to be a 600-800 store business. As the individual becomes ready for college, Abercrombie Fitch is there. Today the namesake operates 352 stores across the United States, gearing its brands, as mentioned above to the college age set, 18 years and older. Through the use of three separate brands, Abercrombie Fitch is able to smoothly transfer brand loyalty and retain customers of all ages. Abercrombie Fitch stores are placed amongst high end trendy stores, with established brand names. It would be unusual to find an Abercrombie store nestled in a far away corner of a mall, next to a food court. Typically it is located in a high customer traffic area, around other designer stores which also serve to enhance its reputation and face value. Placing its stores in these key areas brings Abercrombie Fitch the exposure and type of customer it is targeting. Abercrombie Fitch not only sells through its 597 stores, but also via the internet at www.abercrombie.com, as well as the AF Quarterly. The internet and the AF Quarterly made up 4.7% of 2002 net sales and have steadily been increasing since the introduction of the two sales mediums (AF Annual Report, 6). The online experience for Abercrombie Fitch not only offers e-commerce, but provides entertainment features that seek to mimic virtual store shopping. The website includes downloadable features including wallpaper and photos that can be found in retail stores as well as the ability to download songs that are heard in the stores. The online changing room allows for mixing and matching throughout the store without the hassle of real fitting rooms, hangers and lines. As far as payment is concerned, checkout is hassle free by using the AF credit card or any variety of credit cards. Delivery is as efficient as payment, since teaming up with UPS; orders can be processed and delivered within 24 hours. The internet has proved an important medium for gaining and retaining customers for Abercrombie Fitch, coupled with the AF Quarterly, combined sales will steadily grow and become a significant amount of total sales for the three brands over the next ten years (A F Annual Report, 8-11). The Company’s catalogue, the AF Quarterly, appeared in late 1997, and became an immediate success as a marketing tool. The first catalogue â€Å"Naughty or Nice† Christmas was so popular that sales rose by 27% (www.Youthtools.com). AF sells around 300,000 copies a year charging around seven dollars an issue, the company is able to make a sale even if the customer only looks at the catalogue, which is also considered to be a magazine. The Quarterly is a mixture of feature articles, pages displaying the product and page upon page of nearly naked twentysomethings photographed by the famed photographer Bruce Weber. â€Å"Much like Vogue and GQ, the Quarterly serves as a means of aspirational and inspirational living for young men and women all over the country† (Johnson, 4). The company has created quite a stir with the introduction of the catalog as a marketing medium, when the Quarterly comes to circulation four times a year, it usually becomes the talk of parents, Religious Groups, the news media etc., bringing more attention to Abercrombie Fitch. The company has found a way to combat this negative image, by only allowing persons over the age of 18 to purchase the magazine as well as producing a â€Å"cleaner† catalogue. This â€Å"cleaner†, free catalogue only shows the clothing in a straightforward manner, minus the photography of Bruce Weber and the articles. Abercrombie Fitch uses both catalogs to gain customers and show the â€Å"lifestyle† through its models. â€Å"This publication is meant to be the voice of the American youth, a chronicle of the college experience. It conveys the image of the brand – it is sexy and beautiful and healthy and energetic†- Hampton Carney AF spokesman (Nolan, 2). Spring Catalogue Cover 2002 Abercrombie Fitch understands and is able to target its specific markets through a variety of ways. The company sends out around 30 staffers each month to visit college campuses to chat up students about what they play, wear, listen to and read, whereas store managers visit fraternities and sororities to recruit â€Å"brand representatives†, who work as few as five hours a week. These brand representatives, must all have the all American look, blond, blue-eyed and preppy, pervasive in its stores, catalogues and websites. â€Å"Brand representatives are ambassadors to the brand, we want to hire brand reps that will represent the Abercrombie Fitch brand with natural classic American style, look great while exhibiting individuality, project the brand and themselves with energy and enthusiasm, and make the store a warm, inviting place that provides a social experience for the customer†- Tom Lennox AF Communication Director (Greenhouse, 2). Abercrombie Fitch is a lifestyle brand; it is targeted in such a way as to make people want to belong to it and show loyalty to the brand. â€Å"AF shrewdly understands that teens want to belong, and therefore has captured their dollars by making sure they want to belong to the beautiful, exclusive world that the Abercrombie image projects† (www.youthtools.com). By continuously pursuing this marketing strategy it is clear to see that Abercrombie Fitch will be in the marketplace for a long time. GAP Inc. Gap Inc. is a leading international specialty retailer offering clothing, accessories and personal care products for men, women, children and babies under the Gap, Banana Republic and Old Navy brand names. The company’s stores aim to offer a shopper-friendly environment with an assortment of casual apparel and accessories that emphasize style, quality and good value (www.Gap.com). Gap Inc. was founded in 1969 by Donald Fisher and his wife Doris. The couple named their store after the â€Å"generation gap† and concentrated on selling Levi’s jeans. When Gap first opened its doors it was unique and new. It prided itself in having the â€Å"individual style†. At this time the Gap’s hottest seller was its â€Å"basic look†, which consisted of its signature blue jeans and white cotton t-shirts. The first store was opened near what is today San Francisco State University and the second store was opened in San Jose, California, by the end of 1970 there were six Gap stores. The Gap went public six years later (Hoovers, 1). In the beginning the Fishers catered almost exclusively to teenagers, but in the 1970s they expanded into activewear that would appeal to a larger spectrum of customers. Nevertheless, by the early 1980s the Gap, which had grown to about 500 stores, was still dependent upon teenagers but less dependent on Levi jeans, because of its growing emphasis on private label makers (Levy, 1-3). In a 1983 effort to revamp the company’s image, Donald Fisher hired Mickey Drexler, a former president of Ann Taylor as the Gap’s new president. Drexler changed the old clothing lines of plain blue jeans and white t-shirts so as to concentrate on sturdy brightly colored cotton clothing. He also consolidated the stores’ many private clothing labels in to the Gap brand. Lastly, Drexler replaced circular clothing racks with white shelving so clothing could be neatly stacked and displayed. During this time Gap Inc. bought Banana Republic, one its three distinct brands the company owns. At this time the brand was a unique chain of jungle -themed stores that sold safari clothing. Gap expanded the chain, which enjoyed tremendous success in the mid 1980s but slumped after the novelty of the stores wore off late in the decade. To counter this slump, Drexler introduced a broader range of higher priced clothing and got rid of the safari lines in 1988. By 1990 Banana Republic was again profitable. In 1985, the first GapKids opened in 1985 after Drexler could not find clothing that he liked for his son. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the company grew rapidly, opening its first stores in Canada and the UK. In 1990 it introduced babyGap in 25 GapKids stores, featuring miniature versions of its GapKids line. Also during this time the Gap announced it would no longer sell Levi Jeans and would sell nothing but private label items (Hoover’s, 2-8). During the early 1990s earnings fell because of Gap division losses brought on by low margins and high rents. The company rebounded by opening Old Navy Clothing Co., named after a bar Drexler saw in Paris. The company also opened two Banana Republic stores outside the United States in Canada. For the last couple of years, the Gap had begun to stray away from its former vision of classic clothing, and during this time the company had hit a record sales slump. Gap’s CEO Drexler seemed to have lost his touch, since he did most of the merchandising for the company he choose clothing with flair and design: bolder colors, low rider jeans, small form fitting tops, and stretchy materials. Gap went from casual to very trendy, alienating and displeasing many of its core customers. In May 2002, Drexler decided to salvage the company and thus began a â€Å"Back to Basics† campaign. Drexler wanted to bring back the old apparel, the old ads, and the old management style. He wanted to bring back everything that was once Gap Inc. and its identity (Gap Annual Report, 10-15). Today Drexler is no longer the head of Gap Inc. but his â€Å"Back to Basics† campaign still lives on through the current CEO, Paul Pressler, the former Chairman of Walt Disney’s Global Theme Parks. The company is bringing back all of what made Gap unique when it first opened. It is reemphasizing the basics and promoting its classic fit jeans, signature khakis and cotton tops, as well as simplifying its mix of colors and fabrics and remembering that 90% of the tops it sold were the color blue. Through this campaign the Gap has regained some of its previous customers and plans to evolve from this point (Levy, 1-3). Gap Inc. must remember who its target market is, the family, and their market strategy is such that from babies to adults Gap has something for everyone. This target marketing is seen through the three distinct brands Gap Inc. operates: Gap, Banana Republic and Old Navy. All three brands target different price ranges and different styles; from chic stylish apparel to everyday relaxing pants Gap Inc. has a product for everyone. Banana Republic was bought by the Gap in 1983, and it is known for casual luxury with high quality apparel for men and women. It has also introduced a sophisticated line of seasonal collections of accessories, shoes, personal care products, intimate apparel and gifts for the home. Today there are over 430 stores in the United States and Canada. The brand caters to the 30 years and older consumer who is more affluent and fashion-oriented. Banana Republic stores are primarily located in major cities, however the introduction of the catalogue has enabled the brand to expand its consumer reach to cities without a store location. The brand also has its own website and high-image advertising that help promote the idea of the high profile Banana Republic lifestyle (www.Gapinc.com). Old Navy, launched in 1994, was created to capture an even broader audience then the Gap with its moderate prices. It has quickly become the Gap Inc.’s portfolio star. Old Navy’s strategy differs from the Gap because it offers a product mix with an edgier fashion look but with a broader fashion range. Old Navy makes shopping fun and fashion affordable to the whole family. The stores sell everything from basic denim, khakis and graphic tees to casual clothing for work and play. Today the company has more than 840 locations in the United States and Canada and customers can also shop around the clock at www.oldnavy.com (www.oldnavy.com). The Gap stores sell through a variety of namesake stores including Gap, GapKids, babyGap and Gap Outlet. With 2,608 stores throughout the world, the company strives to be the world’s headquarters for khakis. Customers expect classic styles from the Gap for the whole family, by having different segments of the Gap, the brand is able to grow up with the consumer and gain brand loyalty. The Gap is also easily accessible through its website www.gap.com, which only offers e-commerce (Brady, 112-113). Gap Inc. prides itself on the individual, and constantly challenging itself to think about what the customer wants instead of what other stores are selling. Under the guidance of Pressler, Gap Inc. is no longer targeting teens, who change their minds rapidly, but rather its initial target the family as individuals. Gap wants to win back the trust of the customers it had lost. Through advertising the Gap is emphasizing the individual and that everyone no matter what age, color, sex, or ethnicity the Gap has something for them. â€Å"Gap is a brand people can make their own, and now Gap Inc. is offering a chance for everyone to be in one of the Gap print ads. They are looking for individuals who personify the Gap brand-intriguing people with personal style† (Levy, 3-6). Gap Inc. is one of the most successful retailers in the world and now that it has gone back to its target market will continue to gain market share through its three distinct brands. Conclusion Abercrombie Fitch and the Gap Inc. are both highly respected international brands that hold large market shares in the retail industry. Each company targets different markets through different mediums. Abercrombie Fitch focuses on the younger age groups with sexy, more stylish clothing while the Gap targets to the family with basic, sturdy clothing. Both companies have three distinct brands which cater to individuals in their target markets, whereas AF’s segmentation is more age based, Gap Inc. is more monetarily segmented. Looking towards the future both companies seem to understand what they have failed to accomplish in the past and are looking toward the future on how to improve their marketing strategies to their target markets to gain sales and brand loyalty. How to cite Compare and contrast Abercrombie Fitch and the Gap – company overview, Papers

Argument Pornography free essay sample

Wackier focuses his argument on the slippery slope effect, which he claims is a negative effect of the censoring of pornography. In this context, the slippery slope effect Is defined by Historical as A serious risk that once any censorship is allowed, the power to censor will, over time, expand in unintended and undesirable directions (p. 382). This definition along with The fact that it is extremely difficult, If not Impossible, to formulate unequivocal and unambiguous criteria for censorship (Wackier p. 82), Wackier makes the conclusion that [t]he lippies slope effect will eventually.. . Suppress the rights, interests, and values of others (p . 382). I agree with Wassails flirts reason for his argument against the censorship of pornography. I also believe that the censorship of pornography will cause the slippery slope effect. Because the slippery slope effect Is extremely difficult to stop once it has been started, I believe the censorship of pornography will lead to the suppression of many freedoms of expression. When many freedoms of expression are suppressed then censorship no longer effects Just pornography In Longings sense. Therefore, I believe that by censoring pornography citizens of American will most likely have less expressive liberty. I also believe that once Longings definition of pornography Is censored, the slippery slope effect will continually occur, as its name Implies. Thus, the argument of censoring pornography as Longing defines it would cease to exist and the argument of censoring pornography as a less explicit definition than Longings would then take precedence.I believe that the redefining of pornography would continue to occur allowing new censorship arguments to rise. This snowball effect (the slippery lope effect) will eventually Impact numerous aspects of American life that were not intended to be effected by the original argument for censoring pornography. Though I could give several examples that redefining pornography eventually continually redefining pornography will eventually lead to the censorship of education because pornographic material, even as Longing defines it, is di scussed and visually presented in most higher educational institutions.Many college courses could not be taught if it were not for the liberty to openly discuss and watch pornography and all its aspects. If we begin to censor pornography, then the some aspects of the educational system will eventually disappear, such as certain health courses, and students in higher education will be slighted. Second, if pornography continues to be redefined the economy will be impacted. With the slippery slope effect, the definition of pornography will become so strict that many advertisements, movies, and art could not be displayed.The censorship of pornography in the television industry alone could lead to the loss of billions of dollars. More importantly, many artists and photographers who depict certain sexual scenes may e put out of work. So, that is why I believe the slippery slope effect will keep redefining pornography and allowing for the argument of censorship to encroach on many aspects of American life. A second reason Wackier gives for his argument that we should be wary of censoring pornography is that exposure to pornography has a cathartic effect and that it therefore produces a net reduction in harm to women (Wackier p. 83). Wackier further explains [t]his claim [the cathartic claim] is based upon two assumptions, neither of which has proven to be false: (1) Men who are not already violence-prone are ore likely to be Turned off than to be Turned on by depictions of rape, brutality, dismemberment, etc. (2) For men in the later category, exposure to pornography can function as a substitute for actually causing harm (Wackier p. 383). This quote explains Wassails definition of the cathartic effect in the context of pornography, although the cathartic effect can be applied to many aspects of life.I agree with Wassails second reason for why we should be wary of censoring pornography. I believe that people who are not mentally and physically attracted to violence are not mentally or physically attracted to depictions of violence in orangeroot. In addition, I believe that violent depictions in pornography act as an outlet for those people who are attracted physically and mentally to violent depictions in pornography. In other words, I too believe in the cathartic effect.I believe it is important to understand that the only reason an object or idea should be censored is if that object or idea violates an American law, such as the first amendment to the constitution. Although advocates of censorship believe that the Censorship of pornography is a legitimate means of preventing harm to women (Wackier, p. 83) and the fact there are documented cases of pornography leading to violent crime, I believe laws censoring pornography, as Longing defines it, should not be made.I believe this because by making censorship laws for pornography, as Longing defines it, a citizens rights and liberties will be infringed upon instead of being protected. Laws are made in America for many reasons, but for the most part, they are made to protect the rights and liberties of a citizen, which are outlined by the constitution, and these laws are made with the majority of citizens in mind. By read, use, or watch whatever they choose. The first amendment right, which includes freedom of speech, may be infringed upon.More importantly, I believe it is invalid to make censorship laws for pornography Just because a hundred or even a thousand cases of violent pornographic rape scenes were acted out. It is most likely that those people involved in those cases will still act out violent depictions of rape once pornog raphy is censored. Therefore, we should be wary about censoring pornography because it will only hinder our rights and liberties and it will not prohibit violent rape scenes from being depicted.That is why I agree with Wassails second reason for being wary of censoring pornography and believe we should be careful in the pornography censorship laws we make because they will not necessarily protect our rights and liberties as citizens. In this paper, I have shown that Mark Wackier believes the slippery slope effect will greatly impact American life because the slippery slope effect will lead to the constant redefining of pornography.I have also shown that the cathartic effect is a valid argument for why we should be wary about the censorship of pornography because it shows that censorship laws will to necessarily prohibit violent depictions of rape from being acted out and that our rights and liberties, such as the first amendment, will be infringed upon. I have supported those reasons with my own belie fs and logical reasoning. Thus, making both the slippery slope effect and the cathartic effect valid reasons for why Wackier and myself believe we should be wary of censoring pornography.It is essential to ask whether or not the issue impedes on an American value or violates a law. I have shown in this paper, through Wassails reasons as well as my own, that we should be wary about the censorship of pornography. Mark Wackier argues that we should be very wary about the censorship of pornography, even if pornography, as Helen Longing defines it, exists. In order to fully understand Wassails reason for being wary of the censorship of pornography it is important that we use Helen Longings definition of pornography.Helen Longing defines pornography as distinguishing characteristic The degrading and demeaning portrayal of the role Helen Longings definition can be used as the basis of numerous arguments dealing censorship of pornography is that negative side effects are likely to occur if he slippery slope effect is defined by Wackier as A serious risk that once any extremely difficult, if not impossible, to formulate unequivocal and unambiguous others (p. 382). I agree with Wassails first reason for his argument against the censorship of slippery slope effect.Because the slippery slope effect is extremely difficult to stop are suppressed then censorship no longer effects Just pornography in Longings I also believe that once Longings definition of pornography is censored, the slippery slope effect will continually occur, as its name implies. Thus, the argument lope effect) will eventually impact numerous aspects of American life that were not effects American life, I will give only two examples: education and economy.

Wise Medical Center Organizational Design

Réaliser - to Realize - French Verb Conjugations

Rà ©aliser - to Realize - French Verb Conjugations The  French verb  rà ©aliser means to achieve or fulfill or to realize. See the tables below for simple conjugations of  rà ©aliser. Conjugations for Rà ©aliser Present Future Imperfect Present participle je ralise raliserai ralisais ralisant tu ralises raliseras ralisais il ralise ralisera ralisait nous ralisons raliserons ralisions vous ralisez raliserez ralisiez ils ralisent raliseront ralisaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle ralis Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je ralise raliserais ralisai ralisasse tu ralises raliserais ralisas ralisasses il ralise raliserait ralisa ralist nous ralisions raliserions ralismes ralisassions vous ralisiez raliseriez ralistes ralisassiez ils ralisent raliseraient ralisrent ralisassent Imperative tu ralise nous ralisons vous ralisez Verb conjugation patternRà ©aliser  is a  regular -ER verb

My experience of significant stressor Assignment

My experience of significant stressor - Assignment Example Panic is one outcome of a stressful situation that numbs down any feasible accurate responses and overcoming it can be a challenge in itself. I was to catch a local flight from Bali to Jakarta and then fly back home through an international one. I arrived at the airport on time and since there was time left for the boarding side to open, I ended up reading a book on a nearby bench. Time went by and I was so consumed in the book that the boarding opened and I could not check in on time. I kept looking at the desk side but since there was no sign put up, I missed my chance to get the boarding pass. When I noticed that an awful lot of time had passed by and I checked with the main counter, I was told that the flights boarding was now closed and I had n option but to wait for the next flight available. I panicked and my heart beat went up. My stomach started to churn in an uncomfortable manner and I had no idea what to do. Even in an air conditioned airport, I felt like I was sweating and my palms were wet. My breathing was high and being clueless, I felt miserable. I gathered enough courage to have some water and calm my nerves. After settling down, I went to the help center to ask for the list of flights but unfortunately there were none available since it was a weekend and the flights were full. My immediate response was to inform my family back home and then to prepare myself for the delay. I managed to email my father about what had happened and then I kept checking the help desk to see if any flights had seats available. I managed to catch a flight to Jakarta but the situation that was created at that time was an unforgettable one. The stress that I faced during that time when the lady at the help desk informed me that there were no available seats for the next two days was unexplainable. After panicking for a while, I ended up thinking clearly and behaving accordingly instead of giving up and taking an incorrect

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Lab Report Example In the course of the experiment, the presence of a peptide bond through the application of the method would result to a copper (ii) ion forming violet color in an alkaline solution. The Biuret test in this experiment is used in the determination of the concentration since peptide bonds occur with the same frequency in each amino acid in the peptide. This is possible in this experiment since the absorption at 550 nm is directly proportional to the protein concentration in accordance to Beer-Lambert law, thus enabling the experiment to determine the level of protein concentration in a solution (Janairo et al. 2011). Folin protein assay is a biochemical assay for determination of the total level of protein in a solution. In this experiment, the concentration of protein is manifested in the color change in the sample solution in proportion to the concentration of protein. The method is based on the reaction of Cu+ produced by the oxidation of the peptide bonds (Lowry et al. 1951). For the biuret protein assay, when 3mg protein is used in the experiment, the average absorbance in 550nm is 0.690. For 2.5 mg, the average absorbance is 0,440nm, for 2mg protein, the average absorbance is 0.588nm. When 1.5 mg protein is used, the average absorbance is 0.564 nm, 1mg result to average absorbance of 0.540nm while 0.5ng solution results to an average absorbance of 0.224nm. In tube X the average absorbance is 0.454nm while tube Y which contains approximately half of the volume of X results to an average absorption of 0.232nm. From the experiment, it is evident that the amount of absorption is directly proportionate to the amount of protein concentration in a solution at a standard absorption level of 550nm absorbance. Thus, the biuret protein assay test is a concrete test that can be used in the determination of the peptide bonds and the amount of proteins in a solution (Lipscomb et al. 2006). For

Administrative law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administrative law - Essay Example isability act it is deemed statutory that individuals with such incapacitation be assisted and financed to enhance their ability to attain their potential with sustainable resources. Barry was therefore, referred to the social department of Gloucestershire council on 15 September which adequately assessed her needs and made arrangements to provide her with the services (Aden Chambers, 2010). As assessed he was to be supported with home care support for shopping, pension, laundry and cleaning services and provision of meals on wheals 4 days a week. She used to receive routine visits from the department officials where nearly after some time her needs were re assessed and identified to be the same. However, on 29 September 2004 after the review she received communication from the department stating a drop on some key services offered by the local authority citing lack of sufficient funding from the central Government (Diamond 2009, P, 345). This solidly initiated the need for legal red ress to enable provision of entire services by the department. The case was heard and determined by judges as analysed below (Aden Chambers 2010). In his outset assertion based on legal provisions of the land, Judge Lloyd categorically stated that the local department had a statutory duty of providing disadvantaged individuals with necessary life essentials (Pumwar and Peloquin, 2011, p. 63). Although he ruled that the local council had no power to regulate percentage resources allocated by the central Government, he noted that local authority had an obligatory duty to discharge and that their resource constraints had no bearing. He state that once the assessment and amicable agreement was done the department in whatever state should have not reneged from providing the services to Barger (Kaldor, 2003, p.56). He stated in his ruling â€Å"The defendant’s actions were unlawful for the reason that on the sole basis of having exhausted available resources, withdrawn services previously

Policy Effects on Investment Planning and Strategy

Policy Effects on Investment Planning and Strategy Introduction One of the essentially significant long term decisions for any company relates to investment. Investment is the acquisition or formation of assets with the purpose of creating profits in the future. Classically investment engages using financial resources to acquire a building/ machine or additional asset, which will then yield returns to a business above an era of time. Investments planning entail thinking in relation to a series of issues that have a standing on where you eventually choose to place your money. These issues will differ as per to your particular circumstances, age, and approach to risk, and thinking regarding them cautiously prior to you establish making commitments will assist you keeping away from some potentially expensive mistakes. 1. Outline of a plan. Product pricing for reaching out to the current and expected customers is very important for the managers. It is their perceptive and choices that are going to establish the accomplishment of any business. A most important strategy that guarantees that customers keep hold off with the product is to construct the product inelastic utilizing pricing and further strategies. On the other hand, before we explicate the strategies to build low-calorie microwavable food inelastic, we have got to realize the significance of elasticity. Elasticity or elasticity of price is an assessment of quantity demanded offsets when price is modified, that is, it is a measure of accessibility of the consumer owing to changes in price. It is calculated as the percentage of the proportion change in the demanded quantity and proportional change in price. If the demand of elasticity is superior to one, we state that demand is elastics, if it is a lesser than one, we state that demand is inelastic, if equivalent to one, we state demand is unit elastic. Inelasticity essentially involve that the product is essential to the consumer, as a result even if the price goes up, customer will not act in response with an equi-proportionate reduction in demanded quantity. We have establish out in this case that the elasticity of price is -0.61 which denotes a 1% price increase of the product sources demanded quantity to increase by 0.61%. Consequently, the product demand is comparatively inelastic. On the other hand, from an extended term viewpo int, it is significant for the managers to make certain that inelasticity continues to be the advantage for the company. So the primary strategy will be to classify the section of the consumer for which product of low calorie microwavable is essential and center on tendering services and benefits to these sections which tie up them to the product for an extended time. The managers require ensuring that their competitors cannot attract the customers with services and benefits that will put forward replacements to the buyers, as one of the means to create a product inelastic is having a smaller number of substitutes. Cost Reduction will as well assist the company by which they can surpass on the gain of reducing of cost by maintaining the price low and thus maintaining the base of customer. Innovation, diversity and getting out to an extensive customer base will as well assist in long run to continue the product inelastic. 2. Major effects of government policies It is very important as a business manager to be aware of the effect of government policies on their business. Policies from more than a few levels in an economy can have an effect on the business. State, Federal, and local governments are engaged in the business enterprises regulation. At State level, regulations include of licensing of various businesses and regulation of public utility companies, for instance health care facilities, and copious professions, for instance law and accounting. At Federal level we have Antitrust Division and Federal Trade Commission e including several additional agencies that control business decisions. Correspondingly, Local governments normally set and put into effect building codes and zoning laws. Regulatory restraints can be imposed in non-discriminatory means on any set of comparable business. These restraints can have an effect on a capital costs, operating costs of firm (both variable and fixed), and revenues. Consequently when the firms cost is enhanced owing to several type of government regulation that may direct to decreased production and thus a lesser number of hiring. There are more than a few firms in this case of the microwavable food, who are producing food which are to some extent diverse from each other, a situation that can be exemplified as differentiation of product. This is a typical instance of a monopolistically competitive market. Now as per to FDA, it is needed that the stated quantity for an substitute or imitation food or altered food, for instance a version of low calorie, should be the identical for the foodstuff for which it is proposed as a replacement. Consequently if the firm consecutively may want to capture the market may break the regulation that would have an effect on the firm. 3. Government regulation to ensure fairness. Industry of Low- calorie microwavable food has been exemplified as industry of monopolistic competition. When sales of industry are concentrated in a small number of hands, market performance and conduct are not as much of likely to be aggressive in nature. One extensively used index of market concentration is the ratio of market concentration. It might be described as the proportion of output of total industry (measured in terms of sales, value added, employment, or value of shipments) attributable to the 4, 8, 20, or 50 major companies. Companies that stand-in alone can be controlled beneath the Sherman Act who are unlawfully endeavoring to monopolize a market or employ in monopolistic practices. Consequently, if the industry is basically concentrated in few hands, equality would need intervention of government. Similarly equality can be infringed when the industry performs discrimination of prices. A big company that functions as a distributor or manufacturer in two (or more) diverse geographic (or product) markets and slashes wholesale prices in one market and not in the additional market can be indicted underneath the Robinson-Patman Act for alluring in unlawful price discrimination. Differential pricing directly to final product customers is permitted (and frequently based on â€Å"what the market will stand†) however not so in pricing to transitional product resellers (distributors, wholesalers, etc.). 4. Major reasons for government involvement. Governments intervene in the market because of social and economic reasons. Regulations turn out to be pleasing if the intervention effects into marginal benefit further than the intervention marginal cost. In the same way, when market may not offer the majority proficient outcome, it might require increasing it with regulation of government. Again, one more important feature is deliberation of ensuring fairness or equity in the process of decision making. It is significant that regulations of government benefit the poor, on the other hand, there is for all time an adjustment of trading off equity with effectiveness. It is supposed that unregulated market can for times lead to inefficiency or as normally referred to as failures of market. For instance consider the markets for power, water, and telecommunications. In such circumstances a normal monopoly can offer the services mainly efficiently, however that would generate unregulated profits and market power. Therefore in relation to each economy there is a regulatory control in such markets that restricts profits and utility prices. Correspondingly, there might be substantial differences in terms of social costs and values and private costs and values from the manufacture and using up of definite goods and services. This distinction is habitually referred as externality. One instance of unconstructive eternality is pollution of environment and in such a situation regulatory provisions similar to carbon tax can here contribute a significant role in harmonizing the negative effects of pollution. 5. The major complexities under expansion via capital projects. All the companies want out to built big empires and for that carry out expanding the horizons of business. Therefore it is best that firm’s managers think of the extensive run and allocate resources to raise productive capacity, generate mechanism to advance cost efficiency, and expand the base of asset of the company. It is on the other hand, vital to note that any decision taken by the managers engage exposures and usually would affect not merely the existing cash flows however as well future costs in addition to benefits. Capital budgeting is a procedure that engages long term planning, needs appropriate mechanism to assess capital expenditures which fundamentally demands developments and, research training and education for employee, -buy versus lease- decisions, and decisions concerning acquisitions and mergers. 6. Key actions that need to be taken to address or prevent complexities. The complexities engaged in expansion and capital budgeting require cautious and deliberated efforts and the subsequent steps might be taken consecutively to tackle these complexities. Primarily, managers should produce substitute project proposals of capital investment and endeavor to democratize the course of producing the ideas for fresh capital investments. Participation of all the stakeholders in producing fresh ideas, from factory workers all the means up to the Board of directors, will surely assist in sinking the complexities. It is as well significant to have an estimation of the cash flows for proposals of project. And following principles can positively aid in estimating such cash flows; 1. Cash flows that is calculated on a incremental basis, i.e. the cash flow stream for any project must be represented by the difference among the cash-flow streams to the firm with and devoid of recognition of the investment project. 2. Cash flows must be calculated on basis of after-tax, by means of the firm’s marginal tax rate. 3. All the indirect outcomes of the project all through the firm must be comprised in the calculations of cash-flow. For instance, if a division or department of the firm is considering a capital investment that will modify the costs or revenues of additional departments or divisions, then these external effects must be integrated into the estimates of cash-flow. 4. Sunk costs must not be considered when estimating the project. A sunk cost is an expenditure that has been completed (or committed to be made). Since sunk costs cannot be evaded, they must not be deemed in the decision to reject or accept a project. 5. The worth of resources employed in the project must be measured in expressions of their opportunity costs. Consequently, the third part is appraising the viability of the project. Classically, a project will effect in an initial (first-year) outflow (investment) pursued by a sequence of cash inflows (returns) above a number of following years and there might be more than a few criterion to evaluate the viability of a project: be it Net Present value Internal or rate of return. In conclusion an inclusive review of the projects confirming the accurateness of the decisions and a mid-course rectification if required to be made. 7. Convergence of the interests of stockholders and managers. It is rather normal to have a conflict of interest among the shareholders and managers. Consequently, it is imperative that managers are competent to identify such possible conflicts and offer answers to these conflicts. The foremost trouble comes from the allocation of profit amongst the shareholders and managers. Whereas shareholders would desire the profit to be dispensed as dividends, managers would desire this as bonus. 8. Most likely impact of above convergence Here, there needs the synergy of interest among these two groups. One strategy would be to propose deferred stocks to the managers which enable the holder to acquire company stock at a small discount to its existing price. Consequently these are linked to the manger’s performance and offered as bonus. If the performance of firm’s consequently improves, capitalized value ascends and equally the managers and shareholders position to gain. Conclusion In conclusion, diverse investments perceptibly bear diverse risks; these risks require to be balanced in opposition to the prospective rewards. There is an extensive selection of financial instruments and asset classes to select from, and it falls to the individual investor to recognize the risks by reading the documentation, doing their homework, etc†¦ prior to making any decisions on investment. Taking a positive view in the direction of investments can obstruct judgment and direct to higher risks being taken. Make balanced decisions founded on your original goals. The requirement to ensure you base your investment decisions on apparent reasoning sounds so understandable that it’s almost not worth pointing out. Yet it’s rather several people find astonishingly hard to do every time in practice. References G. N., Mankiw, (2012). Principles of Microeconomics (6th ed.) . Cengage Learning J. R., McGuigan, R. C., Moyer, F. H. deB. Harris, (2014).Managerial economics: applications, strategies and tactics (13th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning

My Philosophy of Education :: Essays Papers

My Philosophy of Education I believe first and foremost that all children can learn regardless of age, race, gender, or disabilities. I also believe that all children begin their school career with a desire to learn. In some cases, however, that desire to learn becomes stifled and eventually ruined because of bad experiences with teachers, other students, or both. In those situations, I vow to take it upon myself to rekindle that desire to learn in my students. My classroom will be an enjoyable experience for my students where they will feel safe and respected, and where they will learn to respect others. Ensuring that such an environment exists in my classroom will take a lot of work on my part. From day one I will make sure I develop fair and sensible rules and procedures, and will make these rules clear to all students. I will be fair and consistent in my classroom management procedures as well as in my disciplinary actions. At the same time, I will develop relationships with my students where they understand that I make the rules in the class and that I am also someone in whom they can confide and whom they can trust. Before developing the curriculum for the year, I will make sure I am more than knowledgeable in the subjects I’ll be teaching. In order to teach my students what they need to know, I must be comfortable and confident in myself and my knowledge base. This confidence is also necessary in order to display to my students the love I will have for what I am teaching. Through my enthusiasm, I hope to impart a love and desire for learning into my students. I will strive to think creatively and constantly develop new and interesting ways to present material to my students. I will be aware of the different learning styles and abilities of each student in my class and teach in ways that all students can comprehend, process, and appreciate what they are learning. I will also strive to constantly hold my students’ interest in the material I am teaching.